Supplement Ingredient Library

Vitamin B1

Vitamin B1, also known as thiamin, is a water-soluble B vitamin. Thiamin contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism, the normal functioning of the nervous system, and normal psychological function. It also contributes to the normal function of the heart.

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble B vitamin that supports several normal functions in the body. It contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism, the normal functioning of the nervous system, and normal psychological function. Vitamin B12 also contributes to normal red blood cell formation, the normal function of the immune system, and the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, and it has a role in the process of cell division.

Vitamin B2

Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is a water-soluble B vitamin. Riboflavin contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism, the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, and the normal functioning of the nervous system. It also contributes to the maintenance of normal skin, normal mucous membranes, and normal vision, and to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.

Vitamin B3

Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, is a water-soluble B vitamin. Niacin contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism, the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, and the normal function of the nervous system. It also contributes to normal psychological function and to the maintenance of normal skin and normal mucous membranes.

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble B vitamin that supports several normal functions in the body. Vitamin B6 contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism, the normal functioning of the nervous system, and normal psychological function. It also contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, the normal function of the immune system, and the regulation of hormonal activity. Vitamin B6 contributes to normal protein and glycogen metabolism, normal homocysteine metabolism, and normal red blood cell formation.

Vitamin B7

Vitamin B7, also known as biotin, is a water-soluble B vitamin. It contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism and the normal metabolism of macronutrients. Biotin also contributes to the maintenance of normal hair, normal skin and normal mucous membranes, and to the normal function of the nervous system and normal psychological function.

Vitamin B9

Vitamin B9, also known as folate (or folic acid in some supplements), is a water-soluble B vitamin. Folate contributes to normal blood formation and has a role in the process of cell division. It also contributes to normal amino acid synthesis, normal psychological function, and the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, and it contributes to the normal function of the immune system. Folate also contributes to maternal tissue growth during pregnancy.

Vitamin C

Among other benefits Vitamin C is recognised as contributing to the normal function of skin, bones, cartilage, teeth, gums, blood vessels and immune system.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a role in a number of normal body functions. It contributes to the normal absorption and utilisation of calcium and phosphorus, and to normal blood calcium levels. Vitamin D also contributes to the maintenance of normal bones, normal muscle function, and normal teeth, as well as the normal function of the immune system. Vitamin D is commonly obtained from sunlight exposure and from certain foods, and many people choose to supplement their intake—particularly during months with limited sunlight or when dietary intake is low.

Vitamin E

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant. It contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress. Vitamin E is found naturally in a range of foods, including vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and leafy green vegetables. Many people choose to supplement vitamin E intake as part of their everyday nutrition routine, particularly when dietary intake may be inconsistent.

Vitamin K

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a role in normal blood clotting and contributes to the maintenance of normal bones. It is found naturally in a range of foods, particularly green leafy vegetables, and is also produced in small amounts by gut bacteria. Many people choose to supplement vitamin K as part of their everyday nutrition routine, especially when dietary intake may be inconsistent.

Boron

Boron is a trace element that is found naturally in a range of foods, particularly fruits, vegetables and nuts. In food supplements it is commonly provided in small amounts, often as a mineral compound such as boron citrate, boron glycinate, or sodium borate.

Calcium

Calcium is an essential mineral that contributes to the maintenance of normal bones and teeth. It also contributes to normal muscle function, normal neurotransmission, and normal blood clotting, and it has a role in normal energy-yielding metabolism and in the process of cell division and specialisation.

Chromium Picolinate

Chromium is a trace mineral that contributes to normal macronutrient metabolism and to the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels. It is commonly included in food supplements

Iodine

Iodine is an essential trace mineral that supports several normal functions in the body. Iodine contributes to normal thyroid function and the normal production of thyroid hormones. It also contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism and the normal functioning of the nervous system. Iodine contributes to normal cognitive function and normal skin, and it is commonly included in everyday supplement formulas.

Iron

Iron is an essential mineral that supports several normal functions in the body. It contributes to normal cognitive function, normal energy-yielding metabolism, and the reduction of tiredness and fatigue. Iron also contributes to normal red blood cell and haemoglobin formation, the normal transport of oxygen in the body, and the normal function of the immune system, and it has a role in the process of cell division. Iron is found naturally in a range of foods, and supplementation is commonly used as a convenient way to support dietary intake where needed.

Magnesium

Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in a wide range of normal body functions. It contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism, the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, and normal functioning of the nervous system. Magnesium also contributes to normal muscle function, normal psychological function, and the maintenance of normal bones and teeth, and it has a role in the process of cell division. Magnesium is found naturally in many foods, and supplementation is commonly used as a convenient way to support daily intake.

Manganese

Manganese is an essential trace mineral that supports several normal functions in the body. Manganese contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism and to the maintenance of normal bones. It also contributes to the normal formation of connective tissue and to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.

Selenium

Selenium is an essential trace mineral that supports several normal functions in the body. Selenium contributes to the normal function of the immune system and to the protection of cells from oxidative stress. It also contributes to normal thyroid function and normal spermatogenesis. Selenium contributes to the maintenance of normal hair and nails and is commonly included in everyday supplement formulas.

Taurine

Taurine is an amino acid-like compound found naturally in the body and in a range of foods. It is commonly used in food supplements as a standalone ingredient and is also included in a variety of multi-ingredient formulas.

Zinc

Zinc is an essential mineral that supports a range of normal functions in the body. It contributes to the normal function of the immune system and to the protection of cells from oxidative stress. Zinc also contributes to normal cognitive function, normal DNA synthesis, and normal fertility and reproduction, and it has a role in the process of cell division. Zinc contributes to the maintenance of normal skin, hair and nails, and to the maintenance of normal testosterone levels in the blood. It is found in a variety of foods, and supplementation is commonly used as a convenient way to support daily intake.

Cod Liver Oil

Cod liver oil is an oil naturally sourced from the liver of cod fish and is commonly used as a traditional dietary supplement. It typically provides omega-3 fatty acids (such as EPA and DHA) as well as naturally occurring vitamins A and D, depending on the product. EPA and DHA contribute to the normal function of the heart, and DHA contributes to the maintenance of normal brain function and normal vision (beneficial effects are obtained with daily intakes of 250 mg EPA and DHA). Vitamin D contributes to the normal function of the immune system and the maintenance of normal bones and muscle function. Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal vision and normal skin.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid

conjugated linoleic acid, a group of naturally occurring fatty acids that are related to linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid). In food supplements, CLA is typically provided as a concentrated oil ingredient.

Krill Oil

Krill oil is an oil sourced from Antarctic krill and used in omega-3 food supplements. It naturally contains omega-3 fatty acids, typically EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), and also contains naturally occurring compounds such as phospholipids and astaxanthin. Krill oil is commonly used as an alternative to standard fish oil in omega-3 supplement formulas.

Omega-3

Omega-3 fatty acids are a group of polyunsaturated fats found in certain foods and commonly used in food supplements. The main omega-3s typically referenced in supplements are EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), most often sourced from fish oil, and ALA (alpha-linolenic acid), found in some plant oils. EPA and DHA contribute to the normal function of the heart. DHA also contributes to the maintenance of normal brain function and normal vision. (Beneficial effects are obtained with a daily intake of 250 mg of EPA and DHA, and 250 mg of DHA for brain and vision.)

Omega-6

Omega-6 fatty acids are a group of polyunsaturated fats found in a wide range of foods and commonly present in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. One of the main omega-6 fatty acids is linoleic acid (LA), which contributes to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels (the beneficial effect is obtained with a daily intake of 10 g of linoleic acid).

Beta-Alanine

Beta-alanine is a naturally occurring amino acid used in food supplements. It is found in small amounts in certain foods and is also produced in the body.

L-Arginine

L-Arginine is an amino acid found naturally in protein-containing foods and produced by the body. It is commonly used in food supplements as a standalone amino acid and is also included in many amino acid and performance-focused formulas.

L-Lysine

L-Lysine is an essential amino acid, meaning it cannot be made by the body and must be obtained from the diet. It is found naturally in protein-rich foods and is also available in food supplements as a single-ingredient amino acid.

L-Theanine

L-Theanine is a naturally occurring amino acid most commonly found in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis). It is widely used as an ingredient in food supplements, particularly in formulations designed for everyday calm and focus.

L-Tyrosine

L-Tyrosine is an amino acid found naturally in protein-containing foods and produced by the body. It is commonly used in food supplements as a standalone amino acid ingredient.

L-Tryptophan

L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, meaning it cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained from the diet. It is found naturally in protein-rich foods and is also available in food supplements as a single-ingredient amino acid.

Probiotic

Probiotics are live microorganisms commonly used in food supplements. They are typically measured in CFU (colony forming units) and may include specific strains of bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Probiotic supplements are commonly used as a convenient way to add live cultures to the diet, particularly when dietary intake of fermented foods is low. Probiotics do not have an established NRV (Nutrient Reference Value).

Bromelain

Bromelain is a mixture of enzymes naturally found in pineapple, most commonly sourced from the stem. In food supplements it is typically provided as a standardised enzyme ingredient, and may be labelled with an activity measure depending on the product.

Ashwagandha

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a botanical traditionally used in Ayurvedic practice. In food supplements, it is typically provided as a root extract or powder and is often standardised to a specific level of naturally occurring compounds called withanolides, depending on the product. Ashwagandha is commonly included in daily supplement routines and is often paired with other botanicals or nutrients in lifestyle-focused formulations.

Chaga

Chaga is a fungus that grows on birch trees, commonly known as Inonotus obliquus. In food supplements it is typically provided as chaga powder or as a chaga extract, and may be described by compounds such as polysaccharides or beta-glucans where stated. Chaga is commonly taken as a supplement as part of daily wellness routines and is often included in mushroom complexes.

Cordyceps Sinensis

Cordyceps sinensis is a type of fungus traditionally used in food supplements and commonly referred to as “cordyceps”. In supplements it is typically provided as cordyceps powder or as a cordyceps extract, rather than a vitamin or mineral ingredient. Cordyceps sinensis is commonly used in mushroom-based supplement formulas and is often included in mushroom complexes

Ginger

Ginger is a botanical ingredient derived from the root (rhizome) of Zingiber officinale. In food supplements it is typically provided as ginger root powder or as a ginger extract, and may be standardised to specific naturally occurring compounds depending on the product. Ginger is commonly taken as a supplement as part of everyday wellness routines, and is often included in botanical blends, including formulas traditionally associated with digestion and travel.

Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo biloba is a botanical ingredient derived from the leaves of the ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba). In food supplements it is typically provided as ginkgo leaf powder or as a ginkgo extract, which may be standardised to naturally occurring compounds such as flavone glycosides and terpene lactones where stated. Ginkgo biloba is commonly taken as a supplement as part of general wellness routines

Ginseng

Ginseng is a traditional botanical ingredient used in food supplements, most commonly from Panax ginseng (Asian/Korean ginseng) or Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng). Supplements may use ginseng root powder or a ginseng extract, which may be standardised to naturally occurring compounds called ginsenosides where stated. Ginseng is commonly taken as a supplement as part of daily wellness routines

Green Tea Extract

Green tea extract is a concentrated form of green tea (Camellia sinensis) used in food supplements. It is typically produced from green tea leaves and may be standardised to naturally occurring compounds such as catechins, including EGCG, where stated. Green tea extract is commonly taken as a supplement as part of daily wellness routines

Lion’s Mane

Lion’s Mane is an edible mushroom known as Hericium erinaceus. In food supplements it is typically provided as lion’s mane powder (from the mushroom) or as a lion’s mane extract, which may be described by compounds such as beta-glucans where stated. Lion’s mane is commonly taken as a supplement as part of daily wellness routines and is often included in mushroom complexes

Milk Thistle

Milk thistle is a botanical ingredient derived from the seeds of Silybum marianum. In food supplements it is typically provided as milk thistle seed powder or as a milk thistle extract, which may be standardised to naturally occurring compounds commonly referred to as silymarin where stated. Milk thistle is commonly taken as a supplement as part of general wellness routines

Reishi

Reishi is an edible mushroom also known as Ganoderma lucidum. In food supplements it is typically provided as reishi mushroom powder or as a reishi extract, and may be described by compounds such as beta-glucans where stated. Reishi is commonly taken as a supplement as part of daily wellness routines and is often included in mushroom complexes

Rhodiola Rosea

Rhodiola rosea is a botanical traditionally used in herbal practices, and is commonly supplied in food supplements as a root extract or powder. When provided as an extract, it may be standardised to deliver consistent levels of naturally occurring compounds such as rosavins and salidroside, depending on the product specification. Rhodiola rosea is often included in daily supplement routines and is commonly found in botanical-based formulations.

Saw Palmetto

Saw palmetto is a botanical ingredient derived from the berries of Serenoa repens. In food supplements it is typically provided as saw palmetto berry powder or as a saw palmetto extract, which may be standardised to a stated level of fatty acids and sterols where specified. Saw palmetto is commonly taken as a supplement as part of general wellness routines.

Turmeric

Turmeric is a spice and botanical derived from the root of Curcuma longa. In food supplements it is typically provided as turmeric powder or as a turmeric extract, and may be described by its curcuminoid content where stated. Turmeric is commonly used in daily wellness routines as a traditional botanical ingredient, and is often included in botanical blends either on its own or alongside other plant extracts and nutrients.

5-HTP

5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) is a naturally occurring compound that the body can produce from the amino acid L-tryptophan. In food supplements, 5-HTP is most commonly sourced from the seeds of the plant Griffonia simplicifolia and provided as an extract. 5-HTP is commonly used as a standalone ingredient in supplement formulas.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Acetyl-L-Carnitine (often shortened to ALCAR) is a form of L-carnitine used in food supplements, where L-carnitine is combined with an acetyl group. This distinguishes it from other forms such as L-carnitine L-tartrate or free-form L-carnitine. Acetyl-L-Carnitine is commonly used in L-carnitine supplement

Coenzyme Q10

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring compound found in the body and in small amounts in certain foods. It is commonly included in food supplements as a standalone ingredient, typically listed as coenzyme Q10 or ubiquinone. CoQ10 supplements are generally available in two forms: ubiquinone and ubiquinol. CoQ10 is commonly used in everyday supplement routines and is also found in multi-ingredient formulas alongside vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.

D-Glucosamine

D-Glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino sugar found in the body. In food supplements it is typically provided as glucosamine, often in a salt form such as glucosamine sulphate or glucosamine hydrochloride, and may be sourced from shellfish or produced by fermentation depending on the product. Glucosamine is commonly taken as a supplement as part of everyday wellness routines and is often included in joint-support style formulas

Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance found in the body, including in skin and connective tissues. In food supplements, it is typically provided as hyaluronic acid or as sodium hyaluronate, which is a commonly used form. Hyaluronic acid is widely used as an ingredient in supplement formulas, including standalone products and multi-ingredient blends.

L-Carnitine

L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring compound found in the body and in certain foods. In food supplements it is typically provided as L-carnitine or in related forms such as L-carnitine tartrate or acetyl-L-carnitine. L-Carnitine is commonly taken as a supplement in nutrition and performance-focused routines

Marine Collagen

Marine collagen is a type of collagen sourced from fish, typically from the skin and/or scales. In food supplements it is commonly provided as hydrolysed collagen (collagen peptides), which is collagen that has been broken down into smaller peptides. Marine collagen is widely used as an ingredient in collagen supplement formulas and is often included in blends alongside other nutrients.

Resveratrol

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring plant compound (a polyphenol) found in foods such as grapes, berries, and peanuts. In food supplements it is typically provided as resveratrol on its own or as part of a plant extract, depending on the product. Resveratrol is commonly taken as a supplement as part of daily wellness routines

B-Complex

A B-Complex is a combination of B vitamins provided together in a single supplement. B vitamins are water-soluble nutrients that each have distinct roles in normal body functions, and many contribute to normal energy-yielding metabolism. B-Complex formulas vary by product and may include vitamins such as B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6, B7 (biotin), B9 (folate) and B12, sometimes alongside related nutrients such as choline or inositol.